Earl "Fatha" Hines (1903–1983) was a pioneering American jazz pianist and bandleader from Chicago whose innovative style transformed jazz piano. Renowned for his distinctive sound and rhythmic creativity, Hines influenced generations of musicians, helping to shape modern jazz. His impact can be heard in the work of artists like Bud Powell and Herbie Hancock. Hines was celebrated by peers such as Dizzy Gillespie, Lennie Tristano, Horace Silver, and Count Basie, who recognized him as one of the most important and original figures in jazz history.